Pesticides: Their Uses and Effects

DDT

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DDT Timeline

1874 - Synthesized by Othmar Zeidler (Germany)



1939 - Insecticidal properties discovered by Paul Mueller (Switzerland)



1940 - Patented by Mueller, Geigy Corp. (Switzerland)



1942 - Brought to the U.S. for testing



1943-45 - Used for mosquito control (South Pacific)



1944 - Used to stop epidemic typhus outbreak (Naples, Italy)



1945-49 - Used to eradicate malaria in a country (Italy)



1946 - Resistance first seen, in house flies (Denmark)



1947 - Resistance seen in mosquitoes (Italy)



1948 - Mueller awarded Nobel Prize in Physiology and Medicine (Sweden)



1951 - Resistance seen in body lice (Korea)



1954-60 - Biomagnification of DDT led to grebe deaths (California) This means eventually the DDT substance gets washed into lakes and streams and is eaten by fish, which are eaten by birds, animals, and humans.



1956 - Resurgence has been seen in 50 agricultural pest species



1961-63 - Peak production years, 160-188 million pounds annually (U.S.) Registered for use on 334 agricultural products



1962 - Rachel Carson's Silent Spring published (U.S.)



1969 - Residues of DDT and its metabolites found worldwide. USDA (United States Department of Agricultural) canceled some uses due to resistance and residues (U.S.) EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) was established.



1970 - EPA canceled virtually all uses (U.S.)



DDT is used in most insecticides, and is extremely toxic to animals and humans when swallowed or absorbed by skin. Insecticides are chemical substances made to kill insects. DDT was actually used to destroy malaria and saved many people's lives. So it is good to an extent.

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